Higher Principles

Sermon for North Hill Adventist Fellowship

Sabbath, October 20, 2012

Understanding the Bible, Part 4 (I think it's part 4.)

Williston, North Dakota, is in the heart of the “oil patch,” (as they call it). It used to be a quiet, rural community, population 10,000. These days about 20 desperate people—mostly men—arrive in Williston daily hoping to find jobs in the oil fields.

If you make reservations weeks ahead of time, you can get a motel room for $100 a night or more. But some of these 20 people arriving daily have little money and no reservations and no job lined up. The temperature can be 20 below zero, and there is no homeless shelter.

There is only one place in town where a desperate man can find a bed for anything like cheap: It's Concordia Lutheran Church. A year ago a man showed up at the church asking for help. Pastor Jay Reinke listened to the man's story: He needed money for gas back to his home in Idaho. And he needed a place to sleep for the night. Pastor Reinke thought, The church is heated. A man can sleep on the floor.

It was a beginning. Since then Concordia has become a sanctuary, a place where desperate men can escape the elements for a night and have a relatively warm place to sleep. They can use the kitchen to prepare food. (I took this from an article in Christianity Today by Ruth Moon, a Ph. D. student in communications at the University of Washington. October 17, 2012.)

Reinke's sanctuary is inspired by Jesus' command to do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Reinke is guided by the Bible.

Adventists run a community services center in Tacoma. Why? Because the Bible says the care we give to “the least of these” is care given to Jesus.

Aaron Young's parents' apartment was destroyed in a fire. Some of you provided house hold items. Others provided money.

We provide tuition aid to young people who want to attend Adventist schools or an Adventist summer camp. Why? Because the Bible tells us about Jesus regard for children.

The Bible is the inspiration of a lot of goodness.

On the other hand, sometimes people cite the Bible as inspiration for their badness:

Last week I was flabbergasted to read about Charlie Fuqua. A former member of the Arkansas House of Representatives who is running again. He proposes creating legislation that would allow parent to petition the court to execute their children! If parents are unable to manage one of their children the law would provide a legal procedure they could follow to have their child executed. Fuqua explains that he is simply trying to create a modern application of the words of Deuteronomy 21:18-21.

Another person running for office in Arkansas has written “Nowhere in the Holy Bible have I found a word of condemnation for the operation of slavery, Old or New Testament. If slavery was so bad, why didn’t Jesus, Paul or the prophets say something?” Loy Mauch.

The Bible includes grand poetry and visions, detailed laws and regulations, history, theology, worship rules. How do you figure out what is most important? How do you figure out if something no longer applies?

As Christians we look especially to the example and teachings of Jesus as our guide for interpreting the Bible.

According to the laws in Leviticus 20, the death penalty is the proper punishment for murderers, for mediums and their customers, for people who curse their parents, for people who practice bestiality or homosexuality. The chapter is quite clear that adultery in all its forms is to be punished with the death penalty.

How does Jesus deal with this law?

The religious leaders—staunch conservatives—drag a woman into the presence of Jesus. "Teacher," they said to Jesus, "this woman was caught in the act of adultery. In the Law Moses commanded us to stone such women. Now what do you say?" John 8:3-4.

It's a straight up question. “Moses said . . . What do you say?” Did Jesus agree with Moses? No. He did not.

Some people point out that Moses, unlike the accusers in this story, called for the execution of both adulterers, not just the woman. But Jesus does not go there. Jesus does not suggest that the accusers go get the man so they can have a proper stoning. Jesus first removes the threat of deadly punishment by shaming the accusers into leaving. Then Jesus removes even the condemnation. Then climaxes his interaction with the woman by pointing the woman to a new life.

Jesus does not trivialize adultery. But he deals with adultery by pointing to goodness beyond it instead of focusing on punishment for the failure.

This story is not an isolated occurrence.

Jesus is happily ranks the teachings of the Bible. Some are weightier or more authoritative than others.

In Matthew 23:23, Jesus scolds the conservative religious scholars of his day:

"Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You give a tenth of your spices—mint, dill and cumin. But you have neglected the more important matters of the law—justice, mercy and faithfulness. You should have practiced the latter, without neglecting the former. (NIV)

The New Living Translation renders that last phrase this way:

"You should tithe, yes, but do not neglect the more important things.”

Jesus makes two crucial points: First, some things in Scripture are more important than other things. Not every verse, not every law, is equally important, equally significant. Then second, Jesus tells what the most important things are: justice, mercy and faithfulness.

On occasion, Jesus, using those principles, set aside explicit commands and detailed rules based on those commands.

Matthew 12:1-7. When the conservative religious scholars nailed Jesus for a technical violation of the Sabbath rules, Jesus dismissed their charges, arguing they did not really understand the Bible.

If you had known what these words mean, 'I desire mercy, not sacrifice' (Hosea 6:6), you would not have condemned the innocent. Matthew 12:7

The conservative scholars could cite specific passages that supported their condemnation. Jesus didn't argue that those rules were in the Bible. Jesus dismissed the critics because they did not understand. They did not correctly interpret. And the key to their failure to correctly interpret the Bible was their failure to deeply understand mercy.

Is there a simple way to describe the highest principles, the ideals that should be given the highest consideration in interpreting the Bible? Yes.

So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophets. NIV

"Do to others whatever you would like them to do to you. This is the essence of all that is taught in the law and the prophets. NLT

"In everything, therefore, *treat people the same way you want *them to treat you, for this is the Law and the Prophets. NASB

Matthew 7:12,

The entire Bible can be summarized thus: Treat others the way you would want to be treated.

This applies to slavery. Could you imagine wanting someone to enslave you?

Women's ordination. Would you want to be told that no matter how gifted and faithful you were, your work would always be regarded as second class?

Spanking. Would spanking help you do a better job at work? Would it help you be a better citizen?

Name calling. Even if you were wrong would you want someone to scream at you and call you names?

Love languages in marriage. Would you want your husband or wife to treat you according to their instincts or according to your needs?

The entire law can be summed up in this little command: Do to others what you would have them do to you.

In John 8, Jesus rejects condemnation.

In Matthew 23:23, Jesus scolds the Pharisees for failing to make justice, mercy and faith the center of their religion.

In Matthew 12, Jesus explicitly declared that God is not interested in sacrifice—that is strict justice—but cares supremely about mercy.

You put all these passage together and we see Jesus using the Bible as a source of hope, encouragement and guidance for life. He sets aside or softens the concern for punishment, vengeance, and severe rules. The Bible is decidedly not a collection of independent, equally normative bullet points.

As followers of Jesus, we are invited to follow his teaching and example:  Justice is more important than rules. Mercy is more important than justice. Condemnation finds very little place at all.

Teachers

Sermon for North Hill Adventist Fellowship

Sabbath, October 6, 2012

This is preliminary draft, subject to copy editing and substantive change.

How to Understand the Bible – Part 3. “Teachers”

As for Philip, an angel of the Lord said to him, "Go south down the desert road that runs from Jerusalem to Gaza." So he started out, and he met the treasurer of Ethiopia, a eunuch of great authority under the Kandake, the queen of Ethiopia. The eunuch had gone to Jerusalem to worship, and he was now returning. Seated in his carriage, he was reading aloud from the book of the prophet Isaiah. The Holy Spirit said to Philip, "Go over and walk along beside the carriage." Philip ran over and heard the man reading from the prophet Isaiah. Philip asked, "Do you understand what you are reading?" The man replied, "How can I, unless someone instructs me?"

And he urged Philip to come up into the carriage and sit with him. The passage of Scripture he had been reading was this: "He was led like a sheep to the slaughter. And as a lamb is silent before the shearers, he did not open his mouth. He was humiliated and received no justice. Who can speak of his descendants? For his life was taken from the earth." The eunuch asked Philip, "Tell me, was the prophet talking about himself or someone else?" So beginning with this same Scripture, Philip told him the Good News about Jesus. As they rode along, they came to some water, and the eunuch said, "Look! There's some water! Why can't I be baptized?" He ordered the carriage to stop, and they went down into the water, and Philip baptized him. When they came up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord snatched Philip away. The eunuch never saw him again but went on his way rejoicing. Meanwhile, Philip found himself farther north at the town of Azotus. He preached the Good News there and in every town along the way until he came to Caesarea. Acts 8:26-40

About 2000 years ago a Christian named Philip became a celebrity in the city of Samaria. He had come to Samaria because back in Jerusalem the authorities were imprisoning Christians and even killing some of them. Christians scattered all over the Mediterranean world. Philip wound up in Samaria, a non-Jewish city a few days travel north of Jerusalem.

There, he began preaching about Jesus. People were fascinated. Crowds gathered. The more he preached, the bigger the crowds. And, just like the Jesus he preached about, in addition to preaching Philip healed people and cast out demons. Eventually the entire city was talking about this preacher Philip. Thousands got baptized—both men and women, Luke makes a point of saying. (Christianity did not have separate religious practices for men and women as the Jewish religion did. e.g. circumcision.)

The apostles back in Jerusalem heard what was going on and sent Peter and John to check things out. When they arrived they conducted a special prayer service and prayed for the people to receive the Holy Spirit. And it happened.

After a little while Peter and John headed back to Jerusalem. Then something utterly unexpected happened. Philip left town. An angel appeared to him and told him to head back to Jerusalem and then to keep going south out of Jerusalem on the road toward the Sinai desert. Philip followed orders.

Somewhere south of Jerusalem Philip heard a carriage coming along behind him, also headed south. The Holy Spirit told Philip, “Go walk next to the carriage.” Philip did so.

He heard the rich man in the carriage reading. (In those days, when people read, they did not read to themselves the way we do. They read out loud. So Philip heard the man reading from the prophet Isaiah. Philip asked him, “Do you understand what you're reading?”

“How can I?” the man answered. “I have no one to teach me.”

“I could help you with that.”

So the man invited Philip up into the carriage and they moved on south reading and talking as the miles crawled by.

Who was this man? He was the treasurer of Ethiopia, a very powerful man in the administration of Kandake, the queen of Ethiopia. He had been in Jerusalem to worship and was headed back home.

Obviously he was a worshiper of the true God. He may or may not have been officially a member of a synagogue. But he had been to the temple in Jerusalem to worship. He was not “casually” interested in Judaism.

He was reading when Philip joined him. This tells us several things. Obviously he was educated. More than that, he cared deeply about the Bible. People did not have pocket Bibles. Scrolls of the Bible were very, very expensive. Perhaps he had bought this scroll in Jerusalem. For sure, he was serious about studying the Bible. Because he was rich and educated, he had his own copy of the Bible (or at least part of it.)

Still, when Philip asked, “Do you understand it?” he said, “How can I without someone to teach me?”

This is the third in a series on how to understand the Bible. (The technical term used by theologians is hermeneutics. Hermeneutics is the theory of how to correctly interpret the Bible.)

In the first sermon I listed a number of steps or processes for correctly understanding the Bible. Rule Number One was (and is and always will be) READ THE BOOK.

Last week, we talked about a special approach to understanding the Bible, and that is to see it as the “Jesus Book.” Everything in the Bible, the people, the sacrifices, the religious and civic structures set up by God in the OT, everything is connected to Jesus.

This week I'm going to talk about the role of teachers.

The Bible offers some challenging perspectives on the role of teachers.

The eunuch asked Philip, “How can I understand if I have no one to teach me?”

God sent Philip to supply the eunuch's need. A central theme in the stories of the NT is the role of the church as a source of teachers. Paul was converted through the direct intervention of God. But after three days in blindness, God sent a teacher, Ananias to both restore Paul's physical vision and to begin his training in Christianity.

Later in his life, Paul tried to minimize the role of his human teachers.

I received my message from no human source, and no one taught me. Instead, I received it by direct revelation from Jesus Christ. Galatians 1:12

Of course, Paul had been instructed in Christianity by Christian teachers: the very people he was arresting and prosecuting in Jerusalem. He had listened to teachers so convinced of their beliefs they were willing to testify to them in the face of imminent death. Then when Jesus confronted him on the Damascus Road, he compelled the arrogant Pharisee to receive healing and welcome from the very teachers he had been prosecuting.

Then when Paul entered his new Christian ministry what kind of ministry was it? Primarily a teaching ministry. In Acts 18, Luke describes Paul's work in the city of Corinth:

One night the Lord spoke to Paul in a vision and told him, "Don't be afraid! Speak out! Don't be silent! For I am with you, and no one will attack and harm you, for many people in this city belong to me." So Paul stayed there for the next year and a half, teaching the word of God. Acts 18

The people Paul was teaching had access to the OT scriptures. They didn't need Paul to give them the Bible. As for knowledge of the life and teachings of Jesus, Paul was himself a learner. He was dependent on the reports of eye witnesses. Still he had a large role as a teacher. He helped the people of Corinth to see Jesus in the OT. He helped them learn to read the OT as the Jesus Book.

Just as was the case of the Ethiopian eunuch, it was not enough to have the book, they needed the teacher.

How do we understand the Bible? We read it. And we rely on teachers. There are things we will never see in the Bible unless someone helps us see it. The book is not enough.

Richard Davidson, a well-known professor at the Seminary at Andrews University has written a long article about how to correctly interpret the Bible. He begins by stating that Adventists, like other Protestants, believe in the Bible and the Bible Only. He then explains what this means. And part of his explanation is “. . . the Bible alone is sufficient in clarity so that no external source is required to rightly interpret it.”

Davidson's paper can be found here: http://biblicalresearch.gc.adventist.org/documents/interp%20scripture%20davidson.pdf.

But Davidson is wrong. The Bible alone is NOT sufficient. We need teachers. Always have. Always will until we are in the New Earth.

A couple of examples. First from Davidson's own world: Davidson is a strong advocate of the Adventist doctrine that teaches the judgment began in 1844. No one in the last 100 years has ever found that doctrine in the Bible without the help of an Adventist teacher. Of all the billions of people who have read the Bible, not one single person has come even close to guessing the interpretation of Daniel 8:14 that our church teaches. This doctrine requires sources other than the Bible.

If the church is going to retain this doctrine it must maintain an unbroken chain of Adventist teachers. A single generation without those teachers and the doctrine will become extinct. Permanently.

Another example of the danger of attempting to read the Bible without any help. William Miller thought he would study the Bible without teachers. He eventually figured out the approximate date of the Second Coming. Then some of his followers, using his methods, came up with the exact date. October 22, 1844. How did that work out? Thousands of people experienced bitter, devastating disappointment. Over a hundred and fifty years later we are still trying to escape the temptation to figure out “times and seasons” related to the end of the world, distracting us from the real work of spiritual life.

If William Miller had allowed the teaching ministry of classic Christianity to shine some light on his Bible study, he would have realized that Christians have experimented with doomsday scenarios periodically through history. They all follow the same trajectory. And they all end in ignominy.

One of the roles of teachers is helping to protect us from foolishness that comes from our own blind spots.

Walter Vieth is someone in present day Adventism that is repeating William Miller's mistake. He thinks he sees what almost no other theologian or Bible scholar can see. He has misled thousands, perhaps tens of thousands. His presentations feel “true” but they don't stand the test of solid scholarship. Why? Because he himself is operating so far outside his areas of expertise.

For instance he did a series of lectures on Bible manuscripts. He got his facts wrong. More importantly, he got his tone wrong. He suggested to people that they were in danger of being deceived if they read the wrong translation of the Bible. He was wrong. More tragically, he sowed suspicion and distrust between church members.

Based on the teachings and example of Jesus and the teachings and example of Paul, we would expect teachers to play an important role in helping us to rightly understand the Bible.

Having said this, it's important to note a balancing perspective.

And the people of Berea were more open-minded than those in Thessalonica, and they listened eagerly to Paul's message. They searched the Scriptures day after day to see if Paul and Silas were teaching the truth. Acts 17:11

Just because a teacher, even one as prestigious as Paul, says something, that does not make it so. A teacher points us to understandings in the Bible. A teacher can help us see connections we would not otherwise see. But teachers are also susceptible to error. Teachers make mistakes.

Fact check. Even when learning from the most honorable and brilliant teacher.

I remember a Bible teacher adamantly insisting that the sun was the center of the Milky Way galaxy. He was the teacher. He was still wrong. Another teacher told us he had figured out the precise hour of Christ's return. He was wrong.

When evangelists tell you about the rising crime rate in the United States, they are wrong. Violent crime has been decreasing for more than ten years.

When prophecy buffs tell you they have discovered some new secret that sets dates in connection with the end of time, you don't even have to consider their evidence. They are wrong. It's like when you receive an envelope with no return address. You don't need to open it to figure out whether it's important or not. It's not. By definition. No one yet has sent you or me a million dollars in a letter without a return address. And they aren't likely to.

Fact check your teachers.

The Ethiopian eunuch had a good religious life. He had a vital connection with God and a sweet hunger for more. He read the Bible to feed that hunger. And God responded by sending him a teacher to open a whole new vista: Philip taught the eunuch to see Jesus—the fulfillment of a thousand-year-long wait—as the definitive revelation of the person and purpose of God.

If you are cultivating your spiritual life and if you desire more, if you are seeking a deeper relationship with God, God will put teachers in your life as well. Welcome them. Honor them. Fact check them.

Then put what you've learned into practice. Live out what you've been taught. That's the ultimate purpose of teachers.